Attacking a Transaction — Rescission and Nullity
Attaquer une transaction — Rescision et nullité
Atake yon tranzaksyon — Resizyon ak nilite
Lesson Content
Continuing Titre XXIX (Articles 1390–1396)
Article 1390 gives transactions extraordinary legal force: they have the same authority as a final judgment (chose jugée en dernier ressort). They cannot be attacked for cause of injury (lésion) or for error of law. Once you settle, the settlement stands — almost like a court ruling.
However, Article 1391 identifies grounds for rescission:
1. Fraud or violence — the classic vitiating factors.
2. Error as to the subject matter of the dispute — if you settled a dispute about the wrong thing.
3. Error as to the person — if you settled with the wrong party.
4. Transaction on a void title, without expressly addressing the nullity — if the underlying document was void and you did not knowingly accept that risk.
Article 1392: if the transaction was based on forged documents whose falsity was only discovered later, the transaction is null.
Article 1393 addresses transactions on cases already decided. If the case was decided without the parties' knowledge, the transaction is valid — but only if the judgment could still be appealed. If the judgment was final (no appeal possible), the transaction is null.
Article 1394: when a general settlement covers all affairs between the parties, the later discovery of unknown documents is not cause for rescission — unless one party concealed them.
Article 1395: a transaction on a single subject is null if newly discovered documents show that one party had no right to it.
Article 1396 provides a simple but important rule: in any transaction, every error of calculation must be corrected. Arithmetic mistakes do not gain legal protection from the finality of settlements.
Suite du Titre XXIX (Articles 1390–1396)
Article 1390 : les transactions ont la force de la chose jugée. Elles ne peuvent être attaquées pour lésion ni erreur de droit.
Article 1391 : causes de rescision — fraude ou violence, erreur sur l'objet, erreur sur la personne, transaction sur titre nul sans traiter de la nullité.
Article 1392 : transaction sur pièces fausses = nullité.
Article 1393 : transaction sur un procès jugé à l'insu des parties — valable si susceptible d'appel, nulle si jugement définitif.
Article 1394 : la découverte de pièces inconnues n'est pas cause de rescision, sauf rétention par une partie.
Article 1395 : nulle si des titres prouvent qu'une partie n'avait aucun droit.
Article 1396 : toute erreur de calcul doit être réparée.
Swit Tit XXIX (Atik 1390–1396)
Atik 1390 : tranzaksyon yo gen menm fòs ak yon jijman dènye reso. Yo pa ka atake pou lezyon ni erè nan lalwa.
Atik 1391 : kòz resizyon — fwod oswa vyolans, erè sou objè a, erè sou moun nan, tranzaksyon sou tit nil san trete nilite a.
Atik 1392 : tranzaksyon sou pyès fo = nilite.
Atik 1393 : tranzaksyon sou yon pwosè ki jije san pati yo konnen — valab si ka fè apèl, nil si jijman dènye reso.
Atik 1394 : dekouvèt pyès enkoni pa kòz resizyon, sof si yon pati te kenbe yo kache.
Atik 1395 : nil si tit montre yon pati pa t gen okenn dwa.
Atik 1396 : tout erè kalkil dwe repare.